150th Anniversary of the Gettysburg Address/Cavendish in the Civil War

On  Nov. 19, 150 years ago, Abraham Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address.

Following the July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, reburial of Union soldiers began on Oct. 17 of that year. The committee for the Nov. 19 Consecration of the National Cemetery of Gettysburg invited President Lincoln to speak. Lincoln’s address was so short, it was not possible for the camera’s of that day to capture a picture.

While Lincoln viewed the address as a “flat-failure,” and it received few favorable comments in the following days,  the speaker who spoke for two hours before the President, Edward Everett, grasped the significance of the speech. Everett wrote to Lincoln, “"I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of this occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes."

Contrary to legend, Lincoln did not write the speech on the train to Gettysburg, but rather had been working on it for some time. In fact, he was kept so busy on the train, it would have been impossible for him to write it.

Throughout the trip, the President said he didn’t feel well. His complexion was poor and, as it turned out, Lincoln had a mild case of small pox. His valet William Johnson, also came down with the same illness on the trip, but unlike the President, he died from it. 

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Take the time to read the Cavendish War Memorial in front of the Cavendish Historical Society Museum and you will see that the town provided 187 volunteers to the Union, a number of which were at Gettysburg .

In the History of Windsor County, edited by Lewis Cass Aldrich and Frank R. Holmes, 1891, the following account is given of Cavendish during this war:

- In the War of the Union. — The first action taken by the town in reference to the late civil war was at a town meeting held April 30, 1861, Governor Ryland Fletcher presiding. It was then voted to raise $2,000 to liquidate all obligations incurred by Captain Tuttle in raising the Cavendish Light Infantry, and to pay the board of the men and furnish support to their families. Another loan of $3,000 was authorized in August, 1862, to pay bounties for nine months' volunteers, and in November of the following year a bounty of $200 was offered for volunteers, which was subsequently increased to $300, and another loan of $4,000 negotiated. During the latter part of 1863 the bounty was increased to $500, to make it possible to fill the town quota, and the selectmen were authorized to raise $10,000 to pay the expense of future calls for volunteers. In January, 1865, another loan of $7,000 was made, and in 1867 $15,000 was borrowed to pay the balance of the war debt. From a compilation made by the Hon. Calvin French we give the following figures : Cavendish furnished to the armies of the Union twenty men in response to the first call for troops for three months' service. In the Second, Eleventh, Fourth, Seventh aud Fifth Vermont Regiments, forty-two men for three years' service. These volunteers received no bounties Forty-two men were furnished under the nine months call. For subsequent calls fifty-three men were furnished for three years, and thirty for one year, making a grand total of 187 volunteers furnished by the town, whose terms of service would amount to 3521^ years for one man. Of these 125 volunteers received bounties amounting to $43,550, the others being recruited before it was necessary to offer a bounty. As early as 1867 a movement was inaugurated to erect a soldiers' monument in Cavendish, but it was not successful. In May, 1883, the present secretary of war, Redfield Proctor, presented his native town with a fine white marble monument, suitably inscribed and surmounted with an eagle. The town at this time appropriated $1,000 to grade the lot and pay the expense of the dedication of the monument. 

For a small town, it is remarkable that Cavendish had three men receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for their service during the war- Tom Seaver, William Sperry and Daniel Davis Wheeler. 

SEAVER, THOMAS O.: Rank and organization: Colonel, 3d Vermont Infantry. Place and date: At Spotsylvania Courthouse, Va., 10 May 1864. Entered service at: Pomfret, Vt. Born: 23 December 1833, Cavendish, Vt. Date of issue: 8 April 1892. Citation: At the head of 3 regiments and under a most galling fire attacked and occupied the enemy's works.

SPERRY, WILLIAM J.: Rank and organization: Major, 6th Vermont Infantry. Place and date: At Petersburg, Va., 2 April 1865. Entered service at: Vermont. Birth: Cavendish, Vt. Date of issue: 12 August 1892. Citation: With the assistance of a few men, captured 2 pieces of artillery and turned them upon the enemy.

WHEELER, DANIEL D.: Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, Company G, 4th Vermont Infantry. Place and date: At Salem Heights, Va., 3 May 1863. Entered service at: Cavendish, Vt. Birth: Cavendish, Vt. Date of issue: 28 March 1892. Citation: Distinguished bravery in action where he was wounded and had a horse shot from under him.